Precision Inorganic Chemistry for the World's Most Demanding Environments
Terra Verde Sciences develops advanced inorganic surface-reaction systems designed to operate where conventional mechanical, polymeric, or commodity chemical solutions fall short. Our technology focuses on controlled interface-level chemistry to improve performance, reduce risk, and extend system life across energy, remediation, and industrial environments.
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Who We Are
Terra Verde Sciences is an applied chemistry and materials science company focused on surface reactions, electrochemistry, and interface control. We bridge the gap between laboratory science and real-world industrial deployment, developing proprietary inorganic surface-reaction systems that operate at the critical interfaces where solids, fluids, and energy interact—the point where performance, durability, and efficiency are ultimately determined.
Our approach is grounded in scientific rigor and safety-first engineering principles. We design systems capable of operating in the most demanding industrial environments, from deep subsurface energy operations to emergency environmental response scenarios. Each system we develop undergoes extensive validation to ensure it meets the technical and operational standards required by global energy operators, environmental agencies, and government stakeholders.
At Terra Verde, we recognize that industrial-scale challenges require more than incremental improvements to existing technologies. They demand fundamental innovation in how chemistry interacts with material surfaces under extreme conditions. Our team brings together expertise in inorganic chemistry, electrochemical engineering, and materials science to create solutions that address root-cause performance limitations rather than symptoms.
Core Capabilities
  • Advanced inorganic surface chemistry
  • Electrochemical interface control
  • Non-polymeric reactive systems
  • Extreme environment stability
  • Scalable industrial deployment
  • Trade-secret manufacturing processes
Guiding Principles
  • Scientific rigor in development
  • Safety-first engineering
  • Responsible innovation
  • Transparent governance
  • Long-term partnership approach
Safety-First Chemistry: Designed for People and Planet
At Terra Verde Sciences, safety is not an afterthought—it's a core design principle embedded in every solution. Our proprietary inorganic chemistry systems are engineered for exceptional human and environmental compatibility, allowing deployment in sensitive ecosystems and ensuring superior worker protection.
321x
Safer than EPA's "Practically Non-Toxic" Threshold
Our LC50 values (2,960-70,024 ppm) far exceed the EPA standard of 100 ppm.
700x
Less Toxic Than Competing EOR Products
Significantly reduces ecological and human exposure risks compared to conventional alternatives.
Non-Corrosive Alkaline Formulation
Despite operating at pH 12+, Terra-X is uniquely non-corrosive and safe to handle—a rare formulation advantage. While most alkaline chemicals at this pH level are highly corrosive, our proprietary chemistry protects both workers and equipment, enabling safer operations without sacrificing performance.
Our formulations also feature tissue-safe pH levels, preventing burns or tissue damage upon accidental contact. The non-corrosive nature of our products minimizes equipment degradation and further reduces worker safety risks. This commitment to safety translates into faster regulatory approval, reduced liability, and lower operational safety costs, making our solutions not just effective, but fundamentally responsible.
The Terra-X System
Inorganic Architecture
Non-polymeric reactive chemistry designed for controlled surface interaction
Transient Activation
Short-lived in-situ surface reactions with defined operational windows
Interface Control
Temporarily modifies surface behavior to restore or enhance system performance
No Permanent Residue
Leaves no lasting polymers, coatings, or persistent chemical alteration
Terra-X is Terra Verde's non-polymeric inorganic chemistry, operating through controlled, transient surface reactions. At its core, it is a stable, oxygen-insufficient silicon complex in an aqueous solution, which forms short-lived reactive species at the solid-fluid interface. These reactions temporarily modify surface behavior by breaking ionic bonds between molecules, making separation easier and more cost-effective across various industrial applications. Our system offers a significant cost advantage at just $25/bbl compared to $40-65/bbl for traditional polymer-based EOR methods (SNF, BASF, Dow), representing a 40-65% cost reduction. This cost disruption unlocks economically stranded reserves in marginal wells where traditional polymer flooding ($3-6 per incremental barrel) is uneconomical. This mechanism has been validated across multiple applications, delivering impressive results such as 300% production increases and 5,900+ incremental barrels per well in precious metals recovery from fine particle (<150 micron) clay-bearing materials, antimicrobial surface treatment, and industrial cleaning operations. Furthermore, its efficiency is remarkable: a single 275-gallon tote at a 49:1 dilution (2%) produces approximately 13,475 gallons of treatment solution. This innovative approach delivers precise control over surface interactions, enhancing system performance and maintaining compatibility with existing operational protocols.
Unlike corrosive or toxic traditional EOR chemicals, Terra-X features a unique non-corrosive alkaline formulation (pH 12+). Despite its high pH, our proprietary chemistry is safe to handle and non-corrosive to equipment—a rare formulation advantage that protects workers and infrastructure while maintaining exceptional performance.
Terra-X Technology: Comprehensive Overview
What is Terra-X?
Terra-X is a proprietary, non-toxic silicon-based green chemical technology that provides superior performance compared to traditional industrial chemicals while maintaining exceptional environmental safety.
Terra-X is fundamentally different from polymer-based chemical treatments. As a non-polymeric inorganic system, it leaves no polymer residue, creates no permanent deposits, and avoids the degradation issues inherent to organic polymer systems in harsh downhole conditions.

Key Differentiator: Terra-X is NOT a Polymer
Terra-X represents a fundamental departure from polymer-based chemical treatments. As a non-polymeric inorganic system, it avoids the inherent limitations of polymer chemistry: no thermal degradation, no formation damage from polymer retention, no permanent residue, and no compatibility issues in harsh operating environments.
Unlike market-leading polymer systems from SNF Floerger, BASF, and Dow Chemical—which require specialized injection equipment and suffer from thermal degradation above 80-90°C, salinity sensitivity, and mechanical shear—Terra-X operates with standard 275-gallon totes and conventional injection systems while maintaining stability under extreme reservoir conditions. This operational simplicity, combined with superior thermal and salinity tolerance, positions Terra-X as a fundamentally different approach to enhanced oil recovery.
Key Differentiators from Traditional Silicates:
  • Superior stability and extended very stable compared to traditional silicates
  • Non-saponifying despite high pH
  • Stable at concentrations where traditional silicates fail
Unique Chemical Properties:
  • Non-corrosive alkaline chemistry (pH 12+) - safe to handle despite high pH, protecting workers and equipment
  • Both anionic and cationic
  • Forms super-emulsions above 5% concentration
  • Oxide remediation capabilities
  • Demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations as low as 3%
  • Effective concentration range of 0.5-10% for various industrial applications, with optimal performance typically at 1-4% dilution
  • Excellent hydrogen peroxide carrier (4% solution retards 35% H2O2 for 2+ hours)
  • Major lubrication/anti-friction potential
Independent Laboratory Testing & Validation
Terra Verde Sciences' surface-reaction technology has been rigorously evaluated through multiple independent laboratory studies conducted by accredited institutions. These comprehensive studies provide robust technical validation of the system's performance characteristics across diverse application contexts, underscoring its efficacy and environmental safety through third-party assessment.

PDVSA INTEVEP Pre-Qualification Testing (2018)
Before field deployment, PA-13 (Terra-X) (designated PA-13) underwent comprehensive evaluation by PDVSA's Interfacial Phenomena Laboratory at INTEVEP, Venezuela's premier petroleum research institute.
Key Performance Metrics:
  • 36% reduction in interfacial tension vs. baseline water flooding
  • Excellent detergency properties - spontaneous crude oil removal from formation surfaces
  • No formation damage - zero precipitate or scale formation observed
  • Compatible with reservoir fluids - no stable emulsion formation
This rigorous third-party validation qualified PA-13 (Terra-X) for subsequent PDVSA downhole field testing programs.

U.S. Academic Institution Study (2013)
Conducted by the Missouri University of Science and Technology (Rolla) School of Petroleum Engineering.
Study Overview:
Independent academic research evaluated sodium-based (Terra-X) and potassium-based (Terra-X (potassium variant)) formulations as enhanced oil recovery agents, focusing on their ability to improve oil recovery.
Key Findings - Wettability Alteration:
49:1 dilution (2%) Terra-X in 1.0 wt% NaCl-based effectively changed wettability of oil-saturated sandstone, limestone, and calcite (carbonate) surfaces from strong oil-wet to water-wet.
Demonstrated ability to spontaneously remove adhered crude oil from polished quartz substrates.
Superior detergency properties compared to conventional surfactant controls.
Key Findings - Core Flooding Results:
Testing with 1" x 2" Berea sandstone cores showed significant improvements:
Specifically, the 49:1 dilution (2%) Terra-X solution in 1% brine recovered 89% of oil versus 61% for the baseline brine, representing an approximate 30% increase in total oil recovery.
Test Conditions:
Berea sandstone cores (20.3% porosity, 350 mD permeability)
Heavy crude oil (650 centipoise viscosity, 20° API)
Ambient temperature testing
Controlled flow rate: 0.2 ml/min
Venezuelan National Petroleum Research Institute Study (2018)
Study Overview:
A national petroleum research institute conducted interfacial property evaluation of Terra-X, testing surface/interfacial tension, wettability, emulsion stability, and detergency using EPA-referenced methodologies.

Key Findings - Interfacial Tension Reduction:
Achieved a 36% reduction in interfacial tension compared to a reference system.
Effective at both 1% and 49:1 dilution (2%) w/w concentrations.
Maintained performance in the presence of formation salinity (1% NaCl-based).
Key Findings - Detergency Performance:
Demonstrated spontaneous crude oil removal from solid substrates.
Effective on both sandstone and limestone surfaces.
Showed superior performance compared to commercial surfactant controls (Igepal CO-530®).
No formation of stable emulsions that could impair well productivity.
Heavy crude-saturated sand (left). Same heavy crude with 2% Terra-X and water after 24 hours (right).
Key Findings - Compatibility:
No visual evidence of solid precipitation.
Compatible with reservoir fluids, specifically LS-4807 crude oil and formation water.
Does not generate highly stable emulsions.
Activates natural surfactants present in crude oil.

ISO-Certified Commercial Laboratory Study
Study Overview:
ISO 9001:2000 certified laboratory evaluation of Terra-X performance in petroleum production enhancement applications, focusing on well stimulation and production increase.
Key Findings - Production Enhancement:
Field validation demonstrated significant production enhancement and sustained performance improvements. Detailed field results are presented in the Energy & Subsurface Systems section.
Key Findings - Operational Benefits:
Improved bottomhole pressure conditions.
Stable operational variables post-treatment.
Extended useful life of lifting equipment (BCP).
Productivity Index increased substantially from 0.4279 BPD/PSI to 1.21 BPD/PSI.
Key Findings - Environmental Profile:
Terra-X testing results demonstrate significantly less toxicity than conventional alternatives across all test protocols. Specific LC50 values confirm it is "Practically Non-Toxicon" by EPA standards, with values ranging from 2,960-70,024 ppm across all species – making it 321x safer than the EPA's "Practically Non-Toxic" threshold of 100 ppm. Additionally, Terra-X is 700x less toxic than competing products.

Alberta Research Council Study
Study Overview:
Independent research demonstrating the effectiveness of Terra-X in bitumen extraction from low-grade oilsands.
Key Findings:
Terra-X successfully demonstrated effectiveness in bitumen extraction from low-grade oilsands (8.2% bitumen) at 55°C.

Surtek ASP Testing (2018)
Study Overview:
Independent evaluation of Terra-X as a surfactant for ASP (Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer) flooding by Surtek, Inc., a leading EOR research and consulting firm.
Key Findings:
Terra-X ranked 1st, 4th, and 5th among all tested surfactants for performance in ASP flooding formulations.

TECHNICAL VALIDATION SUMMARY:
Multi-Institution Consensus:
Independent studies across three research institutions (U.S. academic, Venezuelan national laboratory, ISO-certified commercial lab) demonstrate consistent performance characteristics:
  • Effective interfacial tension reduction (36-40% vs. controls).
  • Wettability alteration from oil-wet to water-wet conditions.
  • Enhanced oil recovery (up to 89% in core flood tests, ~30% improvement over baseline; 5-fold production increases in field validation).
  • Superior detergency without stable emulsion formation.
  • Compatibility with formation fluids and reservoir conditions.
  • Favorable environmental toxicity profile, classified as "Practically Non-Toxic" by EPA standards.
Research Methodology Rigor:
  • EPA-referenced test methods.
  • Controlled laboratory conditions.
  • Appropriate control groups.
  • Documented chain-of-custody.
  • Reproducible protocols.
  • Multiple concentration evaluations.
  • Water salinity compatibility: Up to 35,000 PPM (validated in field operations; operational effectiveness confirmed up to ~50,000 PPM with site-specific confirmation recommended for >30,000 PPM)
DISCLAIMER (small text): Laboratory results are specific to tested samples and conditions. Field performance depends on site-specific reservoir characteristics, operational parameters, and deployment protocols. These studies provide technical validation of mechanism and performance potential; actual field results may vary.
PDVSA INTEVEP Validation: Pre-Field Qualification Testing
Before advancing to field trials, Terra-X (designated PA-13 (Terra-X)) underwent rigorous evaluation by PDVSA's Interfacial Phenomena Laboratory at INTEVEP—Venezuela's premier petroleum research institute and technical authority for the national oil company.
Testing Objectives
Determine interfacial properties as an agent promoting crude oil mobility through capillary force reduction in porous media.
Comprehensive Test Protocol
Interfacial Tension Measurements
  • Crude oil/water+PA-13 (Terra-X) systems evaluated at 49°C (120°F)
  • Young-Laplace and Vonnegut models employed
  • Result: 36% reduction vs. reference system (19 mN/m baseline → 10-12 mN/m with PA-13 (Terra-X))
Wettability Evaluation
  • Contact angle measurements on quartz substrates
  • Oil-wet to water-wet transition assessment
  • Result: Maintained favorable partial water-wetting (28-39° contact angles)
Fluid Compatibility Testing
  • 50/50 crude oil/water emulsion stability evaluation
  • 6-hour observation period at reservoir temperature
  • Result: Low-viscosity O/W emulsions with rapid phase separation—no problematic stable emulsions
Detergency Capacity
  • Crude oil removal from polished quartz surfaces
  • Spontaneous emulsification and detachment evaluation
  • Result: Excellent detergent properties—near-complete crude removal within 6 hours
Key Findings
36% Interfacial Tension Reduction - Significant capillary force reduction confirmed
Excellent Detergency - Spontaneous crude oil removal from formation surfaces
Zero Formation Damage - No precipitates, scale, or incrustations observed
Fluid Compatible - Soluble with reservoir fluids, no problematic emulsions
Favorable Wettability - Does not create unfavorable oil-wet conditions
Conclusion
"The PA-13 (Terra-X) additive presents excellent performance at laboratory scale" and qualified for PDVSA downhole field testing programs.
Testing Authority
PDVSA INTEVEP Interfacial Phenomena Laboratory
Participants: Nelson Medina (PRCP), Franklin Quintero (PRIE), José Miguel González (PRIE)
Date: November 29, 2018
This independent validation by Venezuela's national petroleum research authority provided the technical foundation for subsequent field deployment and demonstrated Terra-X's capability to enhance oil mobility through proven interfacial mechanisms.
Downhole Performance: Laboratory to Field Validation
Terra-X has undergone rigorous validation, seamlessly transitioning from controlled laboratory core flooding experiments to successful, actual field well stimulation applications. This comprehensive testing approach provides robust evidence of its efficacy in enhancing oil recovery and improving well productivity.
Laboratory Core Flooding Performance
Pre-Field Qualification
Prior to core flooding studies, PA-13 (Terra-X) underwent comprehensive interfacial property evaluation by PDVSA's Interfacial Phenomena Laboratory (INTEVEP, 2018). This third-party validation confirmed significant interfacial tension reduction, excellent detergency capacity, and favorable fluid compatibility with no problematic emulsion stability or formation damage, qualifying it for advanced laboratory testing and subsequent field deployment.
Controlled Testing with Heavy Crude
  • Core material: Berea sandstone (20.3% porosity, 350 mD permeability)
  • Crude oil: Heavy crude (650 centipoise viscosity, 20° API gravity)
  • Temperature: Ambient conditions
  • Flow rate: 0.2 ml/min controlled injection
Recovery Results by Formulation:

Key Insight: PA-13 (Terra-X) achieved 30% improvement over baseline water flooding (89% vs. 61% for 1.0 wt% NaCl-based control), demonstrating superior oil mobilization in porous media.
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Wetting Agent Confirmation
Missouri University of Science and Technology (S&T) testing confirmed that a (2%) PA-13 (Terra-X) solution effectively changes wettability from oil-wet to water-wet in both carbonate (limestone, calcite) and sandstone formations. This fundamental alteration is critical for improved oil displacement.
ASP Flood Component Evaluation
Testing by Surtek (Golden, CO) ranked PA-13 (Terra-X) formulations highly, achieving 1st, 4th, and 5th positions among all tested surfactants for crucial ASP flood performance indicators: interfacial tension reduction, phase behavior, and produced water dilution performance. This validates its suitability as a key component in Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) flood strategies.
Unlike polymer-based EOR systems that can degrade at high temperatures or create formation damage through polymer retention, PA-13's (Terra-X's) non-polymeric inorganic chemistry maintains exceptional stability and effectiveness without leaving polymer residue in the formation.
Field Validation Confirms Laboratory Predictions
Field validation in Austin Chalk stripper wells further demonstrated the efficacy of PA-13 (Terra-X), showing significant increases in production following a single treatment. This confirms substantial production enhancement capabilities in real-world operating conditions, aligning with the predictions from laboratory core flooding experiments.
Technical well diagram from recent July 2024 field testing.

Field-Ready Deployment Protocols
PA-13 (Terra-X) deployment is engineered for precision and operational efficiency. Typical treatment volumes range from 400-5,000 gallons of treatment solution per 100 ft of perforated/treated interval, with formulation chemistry (sodium-based or potassium-based) selected based on reservoir mineralogy, fluid compatibility, and operational objectives. Water salinity compatibility: Up to 35,000 PPM (validated in field operations; operational effectiveness confirmed up to ~50,000 PPM with site-specific confirmation recommended for >30,000 PPM). Detailed field application guidelines, dosing calculations, and formulation selection criteria are available for qualified operators.
From controlled laboratory validation to field-proven production enhancement, PA-13 (Terra-X) demonstrates consistent performance in mobilizing heavy crude and improving well productivity across diverse subsurface conditions.
DISCLAIMER: Results are site-specific and depend on reservoir characteristics, fluid properties, and operational parameters. Laboratory and field data represent actual test results under documented conditions.
Validation & Real-World Deployment
Terra Verde Sciences has accumulated substantial field evidence demonstrating the performance of our inorganic surface-reaction systems across multiple application contexts. This validation includes deployment in active commercial operations, independent laboratory evaluation, and academic research collaboration. The evidence base supporting our technology reflects rigorous engineering standards appropriate for diligence by supermajors, government agencies, and institutional stakeholders.
Validation Pathway: Laboratory to Field
PA-13 (Terra-X) followed a rigorous qualification process before field deployment:
Stage 1: PDVSA INTEVEP Pre-Qualification (2018)
PDVSA INTEVEP pre-qualification (2018) validated interfacial properties and qualified PA-13 (Terra-X) for field deployment.
Stage 2: Advanced Laboratory Core Flooding
Following INTEVEP validation, PA-13 (Terra-X) advanced to core flooding studies, demonstrating 89% oil recovery in Berea sandstone cores and 30% improvement over baseline water flooding for heavy crude mobilization.
Stage 3: Field Deployment
INTEVEP validation qualified PA-13 (Terra-X) for PDVSA downhole field testing programs, demonstrating the technology's progression from controlled laboratory evaluation to real-world production enhancement.
Stage 4: Petrozamora Field Deployment (May 2025)
A recent field deployment with Petrozamora in May 2025 showcased the exceptional stability of PA-13 (Terra-X). A very stable product performed identically to fresh material, confirming its consistent efficacy over time. The LS-5012 well was successfully restored from near-inactive to producing over 13 BPD, demonstrating the technology's sustained performance and consistency over time. This recent validation is powerful proof that the technology works consistently and the product remains stable over time.
Energy & Subsurface Field Deployment
PA-13 (Terra-X) systems have been deployed in producing oil wells across multiple basins and geological settings. Applications include pressure-managed chemical stimulation in mature reservoirs, near-wellbore remediation in legacy assets, and production restoration in shut-in wells. Field operations have been conducted in accordance with standard industry practices, with performance monitored using conventional diagnostics including production logging, pressure transient analysis, and fluid sampling. These deployments have demonstrated technical viability in real-world subsurface environments under operational conditions that cannot be fully replicated in laboratory settings.
Environmental & Remediation Applications
PA-13's (Terra-X's) proven surface-active chemistry and demonstrated ability to alter wettability, mobilize hydrocarbons, and break ionic bonds between contaminants and substrates positions it for potential deployment in hydrocarbon-impacted soil and groundwater systems, emergency spill response scenarios, and industrial decontamination programs. The same fundamental mechanisms validated in subsurface energy applications—controlled surface reactions, non-toxic formulation, and effective separation of oil from sand, clays, and sediment—are directly applicable to environmental remediation contexts. These applications would leverage chemistry performance evaluated against regulatory standards for human health and environmental safety, with potential for improvements in contaminant extraction efficiency, accelerated natural attenuation rates, and site closure outcomes in brownfield and legacy contamination contexts.
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Laboratory & Academic Validation
Independent laboratory testing has been conducted to characterize surface reaction mechanisms, evaluate material compatibility, and assess performance under controlled conditions simulating field environments. This work has included collaboration with university-affiliated research programs and third-party analytical laboratories. Studies have examined wettability alteration, interfacial tension modification, surface energy changes, and chemical stability across temperature and pressure ranges relevant to target applications.
Safety & Toxicity Evaluation
Terra Verde's systems have undergone toxicity testing and safety assessments consistent with industry standards for chemical use in energy operations and environmental applications. Evaluations have addressed acute and chronic toxicity endpoints, environmental fate and transport characteristics, and bioaccumulation potential. This testing informs material safety data sheets, regulatory disclosures, and risk assessments required for field deployment. The non-polymeric, inorganic composition of our systems provides inherent advantages in safety profiles compared to many conventional organic chemistries.
This validation framework reflects Terra Verde's commitment to evidence-based technology development. We recognize that claims of performance must be supported by reproducible data, independent verification, and documented field results. Our approach to validation is designed to support the level of technical and commercial diligence expected by sophisticated industrial partners, government agencies conducting procurement evaluations, and institutional investors assessing long-term technology risk.
Environmental Responsibility, Independently Evaluated
Independent aquatic toxicity testing using EPA-referenced methods supports responsible deployment of Terra Verde Sciences' surface-reaction technology, demonstrating a dramatic safety advantage over conventional products.
Independent aquatic toxicity testing was conducted on Terra-X, a representative system derived from Terra Verde Sciences' proprietary surface-reaction technology framework. The results provide environmental screening data relevant to remediation and industrial use cases, using standard EPA-referenced acute toxicity methodologies. Terra-X is formulated from naturally abundant and safe ingredients like sodium and silicon, ensuring it is non-toxic for handlers and environmentally benign.
Comprehensive Safety & Operational Advantages
Beyond its low environmental impact, Terra-X offers significant safety benefits for personnel and equipment, translating into tangible operational and economic advantages for operators:
Tissue-Safe pH
Terra-X maintains a tissue-safe pH, eliminating risks of chemical burns or tissue damage on contact for handlers, ensuring a safer work environment.
Non-Corrosive Formulation
Its non-corrosive nature protects valuable equipment, reducing maintenance costs and downtime. This also minimizes handling risks associated with corrosive chemicals.
Enhanced Worker Safety
The benign nature of Terra-X means minimal Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is required compared to traditional hazardous chemicals, streamlining operations and reducing safety burdens.
Environmentally Sensitive Deployment
Terra-X enables deployment in ecologically delicate areas where the use of toxic chemicals is restricted or prohibited, opening new operational possibilities and ensuring compliance.
Reduced Insurance & Liability
The superior safety profile of Terra-X could lead to lower insurance premiums and reduced liability risks for operators, contributing to significant economic savings.
Independent Testing Overview
Testing performed by an independent, accredited environmental laboratory
EPA-referenced acute aquatic toxicity methods
Standard 48- to 96-hour LC50 evaluation
Chain-of-custody documented
Freshwater and marine indicator species included

LC50 represents the concentration at which 50% of test organisms are affected under controlled laboratory conditions. Higher LC50 values generally indicate lower acute toxicity. An LC50 value exceeding 100 ppm is classified as "Practically Non-Toxic" by the EPA.
Indicator Species Evaluated
Freshwater Systems:
  • Daphnia pulex (water flea)
  • Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)
Marine Systems:
  • Americamysis bahia (opossum shrimp)
  • Cyprinodon variegatus (sheepshead minnow)
Note: These organisms are commonly used as environmental indicators to assess short-term aquatic exposure risk.
Acute Aquatic Toxicity Results (LC50, ppm)
Note: Values represent LC50 thresholds under test conditions.
Higher values indicate lower acute toxicity. All Terra-X LC50 values exceed the 100 ppm threshold for an EPA "Practically Non-Toxić" rating by significant margins: Daphnia Pulex is 29.6x safer, Fathead Minnow is 37.7x safer, Opossum Shrimp is 321x safer, and Sheepshead Minnow is 700x safer than the threshold.
Competitive Aquatic Toxicity Overview
Terra-X demonstrates a dramatic safety advantage compared to common industrial and dispersant products. Its toxicity profile is significantly better than the EPA's safest rating (100 ppm), and vastly surpasses competing products.
Terra-X is over 700x less toxic than the best competing products tested, showcasing its superior environmental safety.
Benchmark Context
In the referenced laboratory report, the tested system demonstrated a highly favorable acute aquatic toxicity profile when compared against publicly listed surface-washing agents and dispersants, significantly exceeding their performance and the EPA's "Practically Non-Toxic" threshold.
This testing does not constitute regulatory approval and should be interpreted as comparative environmental screening data.
How to Interpret This Data
Results apply to the specific sample tested under defined laboratory conditions
Environmental impact depends on dosage, exposure pathways, and site-specific conditions
Acute toxicity is one component of responsible deployment
Terra Verde supports site-specific planning and environmental alignment
Operational Relevance
For energy and remediation stakeholders, this data:
  • Supports HSE and environmental review discussions
  • Provides third-party screening data for decision-making
  • Enables comparison within remediation toolkits
  • Reinforces responsible deployment posture
Request the Full Toxicity Report
The complete third-party laboratory report and supporting documentation are available to qualified stakeholders upon request.
Toxicity testing data is sample- and condition-specific and is provided for informational purposes only. It does not constitute regulatory approval and does not replace site-specific environmental assessment.
Market Position: Filling the Gap in Enhanced Oil Recovery
The $140B+ global EOR market, with chemical EOR projected to grow from $841.9M in 2024 to $1.48B by 2035, presents a massive opportunity. Yet, a critical gap exists: economically viable solutions for marginal producers and 456,000+ U.S. stripper wells—which represent 77% of all U.S. oil wells producing ≤15 barrels/day. Traditional EOR costs of $15-70/bbl make these wells economically stranded.
Terra-X's exceptional safety profile (321x safer than EPA standards, tissue-safe pH) enables deployment in environmentally sensitive areas and accelerates regulatory approval—a critical advantage in today's ESG-focused market.
The EOR Landscape
Traditional enhanced oil recovery methods face fundamental limitations:
Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) Flooding
  • Incremental cost: $15-30+ per barrel
  • Polymer degradation at elevated temperatures
  • Formation damage from polymer retention
  • Complex formulation requirements
  • High surfactant adsorption losses
CO₂ Flooding
  • Incremental cost: $20-40+ per barrel
  • Requires extensive CO₂ infrastructure
  • Gravity override and viscous fingering challenges
  • Limited reservoir applicability
  • Not economical for stripper wells
Thermal Methods (Steam Injection, In-Situ Combustion)
  • Incremental cost: $25-50+ per barrel
  • Massive energy requirements
  • Environmental concerns
  • Only viable for specific heavy oil applications
  • Prohibitive for marginal producers
Competitive Landscape
The chemical EOR market is dominated by established players including SNF Floerger (FLOPAAM polymers - 42.8% market share), BASF, Dow Chemical, and Nalco Champion/Baker Hughes, all offering organic polymer-based systems. These traditional solutions face fundamental limitations that Terra-X's inorganic chemistry overcomes:
Key Differentiators:
Market Positioning:
Terra-X isn't competing head-to-head with SNF/BASF/Dow in conventional large-scale EOR. We're creating a new category: "Affordable EOR for Marginal Producers"—a market segment where traditional polymer flooding economics don't work, unlocking $180B+ in stranded reserves uneconomical for traditional methods.
The Unmet Need
Economic viability for stripper wells and marginal producers
Non-polymeric chemistry (no formation damage)
Thermal stability across reservoir conditions
Simple deployment without complex infrastructure
Field-proven performance with third-party validation
Terra-X: A Categorically Different Approach
Terra-X addresses this market gap through fundamentally different chemistry:
Inorganic, Non-Polymeric System
  • No polymer degradation or formation damage
  • Thermally stable across reservoir temperature ranges
  • Simple formulation and deployment
  • Lower cost structure than conventional EOR
Proven Performance
  • PDVSA INTEVEP validation (36% interfacial tension reduction)
  • 89% oil recovery in core flooding vs. 61% baseline
  • Field-validated in Austin Chalk stripper wells
  • Missouri S&T wettability alteration confirmation
  • Surtek ASP flood component ranking (1st, 4th, 5th positions)
Economic Accessibility
  • Viable for marginal producers and stripper wells
  • No complex infrastructure requirements
  • Straightforward field application protocols
Market Opportunity
Terra-X occupies a unique position in the EOR landscape:
  • Not competing with large-scale CO₂ or thermal projects
  • Not just incrementally better—fundamentally different from existing surfactant systems
  • Filling a white space: economical, robust EOR for the vast population of marginal wells that existing technologies cannot serve profitably
This represents a substantial addressable market of mature fields and stripper wells where conventional EOR methods are economically prohibitive, yet significant recoverable reserves remain in place.
Strategic Differentiation
While the industry focuses on complex, capital-intensive EOR for major fields, Terra-X enables previously uneconomical reserves to be produced from the extensive base of marginal wells—a market segment largely underserved by existing technologies.
Terra-X Treatment Economics: Value Framework
Understanding the economic impact of Terra-X treatments requires evaluating well-specific parameters, treatment requirements, and field-validated performance data. This framework demonstrates the calculation methodology. For application-specific pricing and ROI modeling tailored to your operations, contact Terra Verde Sciences.
1. Well & Reservoir Parameters
2. Treatment Requirements
Based on the input parameters, the estimated treatment requirements are:
  • Near-wellbore pore volume: ~470 gallons
  • Treatment volume (premix @ 10% PV): ~47 gallons
  • Terra-X concentrate required (at 2% dilution): ~1 gallon
  • Dilution ratio: 49:1 (water to concentrate)
3. Performance Impact & Revenue Potential
Conservative Performance Scenario (based on 2015-2025 field data):
  • Expected production increase: 50-100% (75 BPD increase in this example)
  • New production rate: 225 BPD
  • Additional daily revenue: $5,250/day
  • Additional monthly revenue: $157,500/month
  • Additional annual revenue: $1,890,000/year
4. Economic Value Proposition

Terra-X treatments deliver exceptional economics across diverse well conditions:
  • Sub-24-hour payback periods typical
  • Minimal treatment costs relative to revenue impact
  • Low infrastructure requirements
  • Scalable across well portfolios
  • Durable performance improvements

Field-Validated Results
Terra-X treatments have demonstrated 72-288% production increases, 84% water cut reductions, and 4× AOF improvements across PDVSA field trials (2015-2025). Conservative modeling uses lower-bound performance estimates.
This framework uses field-validated treatment parameters from the Technical Appendix. Actual treatment design, costs, and performance vary by reservoir conditions, well damage severity, fluid chemistry, and operational factors. Contact Terra Verde Sciences for application-specific pricing, treatment design, and customized ROI modeling for your operations.
Energy & Subsurface Systems
Terra Verde's primary market focus is the energy sector, where our inorganic surface-reaction systems address critical operational challenges in subsurface environments. These applications represent the core of our commercial deployment strategy and reflect years of field validation in producing systems operated by global energy companies. Terra-X's non-polymeric chemistry provides a critical advantage in energy applications where polymer-based systems often fail due to thermal degradation, formation damage from polymer retention, or incompatibility with harsh downhole conditions.
Chemical Stimulation
EOR-grade surface-reaction systems designed for production enhancement in mature and legacy assets. Applied in non-fracture, pressure-managed environments to improve fluid mobility and flow characteristics without mechanical intervention.
Near-Wellbore Remediation
Targeted chemistry for restoring production capacity degraded by formation damage, scale accumulation, or altered wettability. Enables recovery of flow potential while avoiding costly mechanical workover operations.
Production Restoration
Surface-active systems for reactivating shut-in or underperforming oil wells. Focuses on interface-level modifications that address root-cause flow restrictions rather than temporary clearance of blockages.
Mechanical Intervention Avoidance
Chemistry-first approach to well optimization that reduces or eliminates the need for mechanical intervention, lowering operational risk, reducing downtime, and minimizing health, safety, and environmental exposure.
Legacy Asset Optimization
Specialized applications for mature fields where conventional technologies have reached performance limits. Extends economic life and improves recovery factors through controlled surface chemistry rather than aggressive mechanical or chemical treatments.
Flow-Path Conditioning
Infrastructure-compatible surface treatments for tubulars, completion equipment, and production systems. Reduces friction, mitigates scale formation, and improves fluid transport efficiency across the production system.
Specific Applications & Field Performance
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Terra-X functions as an effective EOR agent with excellent solubility in both water and oil phases. Proven as a wettability alteration agent with 5-fold production increases in Austin Chalk wells and 30% improvement in core flood testing. Applications include surfactant flooding, polymer flooding, and alkaline flooding operations.
ASP Flood Component
Top-ranked performance in Surtek testing for interfacial tension reduction without requiring alkali.
Well Drilling Operations
  • Shale stabilizer reducing fluid loss and enhancing wellbore stability
  • Fluid loss control agent
  • Clay stabilizer for drilling operations
  • Drill Cuttings Treatment: (0.75%) provides complete separation of oil-based mud components, with clays completely emulsified without agglomeration.
  • Clay/Shale Swelling Control: 1% solution prevents swelling and breakdown of Eagle Ford shale cuttings when contacted by water.
Fracturing Operations
  • Frac Sand Coating: Releases hydrocarbons when contacted by water, enabling better flowback and cleaning following fracturing operations.
Production Operations
  • Anti-scaling agent preventing scale formation in pipes and equipment
  • Corrosion inhibitor protecting equipment from degradation
  • Emulsion separation for water-oil systems
  • Paraffin Removal/Treatment: Carrier agent for aromatics, prevents paraffin adhesion to tubing, extends time between cutting jobs.
  • Well Cleanup: Breaks up mudcake, disperses expanded clay molecules, improves skin factor for increased production.
Refining Applications
  • Removal of impurities and contaminants from crude oil
  • Desulfurizing agent reducing sulfur content in petroleum products
  • Fouling and scaling reduction in pipelines and heat exchangers
Specialty Applications
  • Oilsands Extraction: Alberta Research Council validated for enhanced bitumen separation, reduced slurry viscosity, and improved bubble attachment.
  • Hydrogen Peroxide Carrier: (4%) retards H2O2 reaction for 2+ hours for downhole heat generation and heavy oil mobilization.
  • Bactericide/Algaecide/Fungicide: Broad-spectrum applications for microbial control in various energy systems.
Terra-X™ Field Performance

  • Terra-X™ is a specialty chemical well-intervention system designed to restore near-wellbore performance and deliver incremental oil recovery in mature or impaired wells. It demonstrates exceptional stability.
Terra-X™: Field-Validated Performance Data
Reservoir Characteristics
  • Heavy oil (8-9° API)
  • Viscosity: 2,000-4,500 cP (reservoir conditions)
  • Depths: 2,300-3,100 ft TVD
  • Unconsolidated sand formations
  • Net pay thickness: 6-25m
Reservoir Conditions
  • Pressures: 600-1,000 psi
  • Temperatures: 116-125°F
  • Water salinity compatibility: Up to 35,000 PPM (validated in field operations; operational effectiveness confirmed up to ~50,000 PPM with site-specific confirmation recommended for >30,000 PPM)
Operational Context
  • Mature reservoirs with production decline
  • Wells with low pump inlet pressure (<100 psi)
  • Formation damage: Scale, paraffins, altered wettability
  • Non-fracture, pressure-managed deployment
Documented Results from Multiple Deployments
60-300%
Production Increase
3x
AOF Improvement
0.43 to 1.21
Productivity Index
97 to 486
Bottomhole Pressure
2+ months
Sustained Performance
5,900+
Cumulative Incremental
Technical Application Details & Measured Improvements
Technical Application Details
  • Injection volumes: 400-500 barrels per treatment
  • Concentration: (2%) technology in fresh water
  • Injection pressures: 10% below fracture gradient
  • Soaking periods: 24-48 hours
  • Progressive cavity pump (PCP) compatibility demonstrated
Measured Improvements
  • Pump filling efficiency increased from 10% to 70%
  • Operating speed increases of 150+ RPM sustained
  • Extended equipment life through reduced mechanical stress
Value Framework
The economic value of Terra Verde's subsurface systems is measured in avoided costs, reduced operational risk, and accelerated time-to-production. By enabling chemistry-based solutions where mechanical intervention would otherwise be required, operators can significantly reduce well service costs, minimize non-productive time, and lower the health, safety, and environmental risks associated with rig-based operations.
Terra-X systems are designed for rapid deployment with minimal logistical complexity. Treatments can often be executed using existing well service infrastructure, reducing mobilization costs and enabling faster response to production declines or operational challenges. The controlled, transient nature of the surface reactions means treatments can be repeated or adjusted based on reservoir response without creating long-term chemical alteration of the formation.
Our approach emphasizes outcome-based economics rather than volume-based chemical sales. We work with operators to define measurable performance objectives—increased production rates, improved fluid recovery, reduced water cut, extended run time between interventions—and design treatment protocols to achieve those specific outcomes.
Terra Verde does not guarantee production results, as subsurface performance depends on numerous geological, mechanical, and operational factors beyond chemical intervention. However, our systems are engineered to maximize the probability of technical success by addressing interface-level mechanisms that directly influence fluid flow, wettability, and formation connectivity. Field deployments are supported by standard industry diagnostics including pressure transient analysis, production logging, and fluid sampling to document system performance and inform ongoing optimization.
Technical Readiness for Remediation Markets
Terra Verde's inorganic surface-reaction chemistry has demonstrated validated performance in subsurface energy applications. The same fundamental mechanisms—wettability alteration, controlled hydrocarbon mobilization, and non-toxic surface chemistry—position the technology for high-confidence deployment in environmental remediation and emergency response scenarios where conventional approaches face technical or regulatory constraints. Our solutions are designed to be highly effective while maintaining an exceptional environmental safety profile, suitable for even the most sensitive applications.
Oil & Hydrocarbon Spill Response
Rapid-deployment chemistry for marine, terrestrial, and industrial spill scenarios. Non-polymeric formulation compatible with emergency response frameworks and designed to minimize secondary environmental impact while accelerating hydrocarbon recovery and surface restoration. Terra-X is proven to separate oil from sand, clays, and sediment effectively.
Soil & Groundwater Remediation
Subsurface-compatible systems for treating hydrocarbon-impacted media in situ. Controlled surface reactions enhance contaminant mobility for extraction or enable more effective biodegradation without introducing persistent chemical additives into soil or aquifer systems. This includes breaking molecular bonds between contaminants and substrates for high recovery rates.
Industrial Decontamination
Surface-active chemistry for removing hydrocarbon residues, scale deposits, and chemical contaminants from equipment, infrastructure, and confined spaces. Designed for compatibility with existing health, safety, and environmental protocols in active industrial facilities, ensuring safe application for responders.
Brownfield & Legacy Site Restoration
Long-term remediation programs for historically contaminated properties. Inorganic chemistry approach reduces reliance on aggressive solvents or permanent chemical amendments, supporting site closure and redevelopment objectives with minimal ongoing environmental liability. The technology works within existing remediation processes without requiring specialized equipment.
Produced Water & Flowback Remediation
Terra-X's proven surface-active properties enable cost-effective treatment of produced water (a market representing 21 billion barrels per year in the U.S. alone and an overall market size of $1.6B in 2023, growing to $2.8B by 2030 with an 8.2% CAGR), flowback fluids, and impoundment systems in unconventional oil and gas operations. The technology's demonstrated ability to alter wettability and mobilize hydrocarbons in subsurface environments translates directly to separation and recovery operations in surface facilities.
In hydraulic fracturing operations, where 15-35% of frac water returns as flowback containing recoverable oil, flowback and produced water contain dispersed hydrocarbons, suspended solids, and chemical additives that complicate disposal and represent lost hydrocarbon value. Terra-X treatment of these fluids leverages the same inorganic surface reactions validated in downhole applications to:
  • Enhance oil-water separation efficiency through controlled wettability modification of suspended particles and emulsified droplets
  • Mobilize and coalesce dispersed hydrocarbons for mechanical recovery, converting waste streams into saleable crude
  • Reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations to levels compatible with regulatory discharge standards or beneficial reuse
  • Operate effectively in high-salinity, high-solids environments where conventional surfactants or flocculants exhibit reduced performance
The core mechanism involves ionic bond disruption, which breaks molecular bonds between contaminants and substrates, enabling up to 80% recovery rates in separation applications. This proven separation technology successfully separates oil from sand, clays, and sediment through surface-reaction chemistry. Importantly, Terra-X works within existing remediation processes, integrating seamlessly without requiring specialized equipment.
The economic value proposition is straightforward: Terra-X enables frack pond recovery economics with $5-15/bbl recovery costs, significantly more favorable than the $25/bbl for downhole EOR. This creates a dual revenue model through recovered oil sales at market rates ($70-80/bbl) and service fees. Recovered hydrocarbons offset treatment costs while reducing disposal volumes and associated regulatory liability. Field-scale implementation requires minimal infrastructure modification—Terra-X can be integrated into existing separation equipment, settling ponds, or polishing systems as a chemical additive rather than a capital-intensive process change.
This application represents a direct extension of validated subsurface chemistry into surface operations, with the same non-toxic profile and inorganic stability that have been independently verified in laboratory and field testing programs.
Non-Toxic Design Intent
Terra Verde's remediation systems are formulated with explicit consideration of human health and ecological safety. The environmental safety profile is outstanding, with LC50 toxicity values 321x better than the EPA's "Practically Non-Toxic" threshold, making it exceptionally suitable for sensitive environmental applications. Unlike many conventional remediation chemicals, our inorganic formulations do not rely on persistent organic compounds, synthetic surfactants, or polymeric emulsifiers that can themselves become environmental contaminants. This non-toxic formulation ensures safety for environmental responders, facilitates regulatory compliance, and promotes ecosystem protection during remediation operations. Furthermore, Terra-X boasts a significant competitive advantage: it is over 700x less toxic than conventional cleaning products (such as Simple Green® and Corexit®), while maintaining superior performance. The controlled, transient nature of our surface reactions means the active chemistry is designed to function and dissipate within a defined operational window, reducing the risk of long-term chemical persistence in treated media.
This design philosophy is particularly important in emergency response applications, where rapid deployment often occurs under conditions of incomplete site characterization and elevated uncertainty. Our systems are engineered to perform their intended function—enhancing hydrocarbon recovery, improving contaminant extraction, accelerating natural attenuation—without introducing new chemical hazards that could complicate cleanup efforts or extend environmental liability.
Regulatory & Public-Sector Compatibility
Environmental remediation projects increasingly involve multiple regulatory agencies, public stakeholders, and complex approval processes. Terra Verde's inorganic, non-polymeric chemistry provides a technical foundation compatible with stringent environmental standards and public-sector procurement requirements, largely due to its proven non-toxic formulation and environmental safety profile.
Our remediation systems have been evaluated in contexts involving federal, state, and local environmental agencies. We maintain documentation supporting safety assessments, environmental fate studies, and comparative evaluations against conventional remediation technologies. This body of evidence supports diligence processes for government contracts, emergency response authorizations, and long-term remediation program approvals where chemical selection must withstand public scrutiny and regulatory review.
Oil Spill Response Potential
Based on Terra-X's demonstrated ability to separate oil from sand, clays, and sediment in laboratory testing, the technology is positioned for potential oil spill remediation applications. The validated mechanism of wetting contaminated surfaces and using ionic bond disruption to release and separate hydrocarbons from environmental matrices could enable efficient cleanup operations. The technology's proven ability to release hydrocarbons without creating problematic emulsions or bubbles in controlled testing suggests potential for more efficient and environmentally sound cleanup operations across various environmental substrates.
Potential Advantages:
  • Non-toxic and biodegradable formulation with an environmental safety profile 321x better than EPA's 'Practically Non-Toxic' threshold
  • Laboratory-demonstrated separation of oil from sand, clays, and sediment
  • Chemistry designed to avoid harmful emulsion formation
  • Potential applicability to both land and water spill scenarios
  • Over 700x less toxic than many conventional cleaning agents
  • Compatible with existing remediation processes without requiring specialized equipment
Platform Expansion & Strategic Optionality
Beyond our primary focus on energy and environmental remediation, Terra Verde's surface-reaction framework has potential applications across a broad range of industrial, infrastructure, and emerging technology sectors. These expansion opportunities represent strategic optionality for partnerships, licensing arrangements, and future development programs rather than current commercial offerings.
Agricultural & Biological Systems
  • Agricultural yield enhancements: Corn (15-24% yield increase from Waco, Texas field trials), Bell peppers (20%+ yield increase from UC Riverside study with 4X ROI), Lettuce (significant germination enhancement), Hemp (non-toxic fiber processing alternative)
  • Soil amendment and nutrient delivery applications
  • Water-stressed environment solutions
Water & Industrial Fluids
Our technologies enable advanced produced water treatment, including wettability modification for enhanced separation and surface tension control, crucial for beneficial reuse or resale. We address particle dispersion management, scaling prevention through controlled nucleation inhibition, and biofilm disruption mechanisms. These solutions integrate seamlessly with existing water treatment infrastructure, offering significant improvements in industrial fluid recycling systems. Water salinity compatibility: Up to 35,000 PPM (validated in field operations; operational effectiveness confirmed up to ~50,000 PPM with site-specific confirmation recommended for >30,000 PPM).
Agriculture & Soil Systems
We enhance soil structure through particle aggregation, significantly improving capillary water retention and overall soil health. Our chemistry facilitates nutrient chelation and controlled release, optimizing nutrient delivery to the root zone for healthier plant growth. Furthermore, our solutions support soil remediation for contaminated agricultural land and enable precision delivery systems vital for water-stressed environments.
Mining & Precious Metals Recovery
Our framework provides ore particle surface activation and selective mineral wetting, leading to enhanced flotation efficiency and improved heap leach permeability through controlled particle surface modification. Laboratory testing has demonstrated effective separation of sub-150 micron gold particles from clay-bearing gangue materials, with recovery rates exceeding 90% in controlled settling tests at solution concentrations ranging from 1-4%. This contributes to better tailings consolidation and offers new pathways for acid mine drainage mitigation. We also focus on improving metal recovery efficiency from low-grade ores, maximizing resource utilization.
Biofuels & Renewable Feedstocks
We optimize biomass conversion efficiency by facilitating lignocellulosic biomass surface modification for enhanced enzymatic access and improving lipid extraction from algae and oilseeds. Our technologies enable pretreatment optimization and fermentation efficiency enhancement. These advancements integrate effectively with existing biorefinery processes, accelerating the production of renewable chemical feedstocks.
Battery & Energy Storage Systems
Our solutions target electrode-electrolyte interface optimization and precise control of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, crucial for preventing dendrite formation. We enhance ionic conductivity and improve cycling stability for both lithium-ion and next-generation battery chemistries, including solid-state systems. These advancements lead to significant improvements in charge-discharge efficiency and overall battery longevity.
Specialty Coatings & Surface Engineering
We develop systems for temporary hydrophobic/hydrophilic surface conversion and marine anti-fouling through controlled surface energy modification. Our chemistry provides enhanced corrosion protection via barrier enhancement and enables the creation of self-cleaning surface treatments. This allows for reversible surface functionality, paving the way for advanced adaptive materials with dynamic properties.
Electrochemical Systems & Tribological Engineering
Our surface-active chemistry offers precise surface preparation for metal deposition, significantly optimizing electroplating efficiency and electrochemical synthesis. It enables controlled modification of metal substrate topography prior to plating, facilitating preferential deposition into surface irregularities and micro-defects. This targeted infill mechanism reduces surface roughness at the microscale, minimizing asperity contact and interfacial friction in precision mechanical systems. Applications include tribological performance enhancement in high-tolerance components, bearing surface optimization, friction reduction in metal-to-metal interfaces, and advanced lubricant enhancement for wear reduction in extreme conditions. Water salinity compatibility: Up to 35,000 PPM (validated in field operations; operational effectiveness confirmed up to ~50,000 PPM with site-specific confirmation recommended for >30,000 PPM).
Advanced Materials & Infrastructure
Our framework facilitates concrete surface densification and enhances rebar corrosion protection, significantly improving freeze-thaw resistance. We offer solutions for alkali-silica reaction mitigation and optimize pervious concrete performance. These applications extend infrastructure longevity through controlled surface sealing and material treatment, leading to more durable and resilient construction. Water salinity compatibility: Up to 35,000 PPM (validated in field operations; operational effectiveness confirmed up to ~50,000 PPM with site-specific confirmation recommended for >30,000 PPM).
DOE / DoD / Space Applications
We develop materials with extreme environment stability, including resistance to high radiation, vacuum, and thermal cycling, essential for space-rated surface treatments. Our technologies support advanced propulsion system materials and robust energy storage solutions for defense applications. This work involves national security materials research and fosters collaboration opportunities with national laboratories for cutti
ng-edge aerospace and defense advancements. Water salinity compatibility: Up to 35,000 PPM (validated in field operations; operational effectiveness confirmed up to ~50,000 PPM with site-specific confirmation recommended for >30,000 PPM).
Partnership-Driven Development
Terra Verde's approach to platform expansion emphasizes collaboration with industry leaders, research institutions, and government agencies who bring deep domain expertise in target applications. We recognize that successful technology translation requires more than laboratory proof-of-concept—it demands understanding of operational constraints, regulatory requirements, economic drivers, and integration challenges specific to each market.
We pursue expansion opportunities through structured partnership models including joint development agreements, pilot programs, technology licensing, and co-investment arrangements. These partnerships allow us to validate technical fit, establish commercial viability, and accelerate market entry while maintaining focus on our core energy and remediation businesses.
Disciplined Resource Allocation
Platform expansion is pursued strategically, not opportunistically. We evaluate potential applications against criteria including technical feasibility, market readiness, regulatory pathway clarity, competitive positioning, and alignment with our core capabilities. This discipline ensures that expansion efforts strengthen rather than dilute our market position and technical credibility.
New application development is staged through defined milestones: laboratory feasibility, system optimization, pilot-scale validation, and commercial deployment. We advance programs only when evidence supports continued investment and when commercial terms reflect appropriate risk-sharing between Terra Verde and development partners. This approach protects shareholder value while building a diversified technology portfolio.
A Scalable Innovation Framework
Terra Verde Sciences is defined not by a single product, but by a repeatable system for creating application-specific inorganic surface-reaction technologies. At the core of our company lies a proprietary materials architecture—a structured framework for designing, developing, and deploying surface-active inorganic chemistries precisely tailored to distinct operational environments and performance requirements.
This framework enables us to derive multiple system expressions from a shared core of chemical principles, extensive process knowledge, and robust manufacturing capabilities. Each system variant is optimized for specific application conditions while consistently maintaining the fundamental characteristics that define Terra Verde’s approach: inorganic composition, controlled surface reactivity, transient activation, and compatibility with demanding industrial environments.
The non-polymeric foundation of Terra Verde's chemistry enables adaptation across diverse applications without the limitations of polymer-based systems—no thermal degradation, no permanent residue, no formation damage from polymer retention.
Core Architecture
Foundational inorganic chemistry principles and surface-reaction mechanisms that form the basis for all system derivatives.
Modular Configuration
Application-specific system parameters are adjusted to optimize performance for target environments and operational requirements.
Commercial Expression
Fully validated, field-ready systems deployed in energy, remediation, and industrial applications with documented performance.
This platform structure provides significant strategic advantages. It allows Terra Verde to address diverse market opportunities without requiring wholly independent research and development programs for each application. New system variants can leverage existing process knowledge, manufacturing infrastructure, and quality control protocols while incorporating application-specific optimizations. The platform also enables disciplined intellectual property development, with core innovations protected across multiple system expressions and derivative applications.
The scalability of this framework extends beyond current commercial applications. As we identify new market opportunities or respond to emerging technical challenges, we can systematically evaluate whether our core chemistry architecture can be adapted to address those needs. This approach significantly reduces development risk, accelerates time-to-deployment, and establishes a foundation for long-term growth that is not dependent on the continuous invention of entirely new chemical systems.
Critically, this platform structure is designed to preserve trade-secret manufacturing processes while enabling clear market-facing product differentiation. The systems we deploy are characterized by their superior performance capabilities and operational characteristics, not by the disclosure of proprietary synthesis methods or formulation details. This approach safeguards our competitive position while facilitating transparent communication with technical and commercial partners about what our systems can achieve in their specific applications.
Intellectual Property & Governance
Structured IP Architecture
Comprehensive patent and trade-secret strategy protecting core innovations while enabling application-specific system development
Modular System Design
IP protection structured around platform architecture, allowing derivative systems to benefit from foundational patents while supporting independent claims for specific applications
Trade-Secret Preservation
Critical manufacturing processes, formulation methods, and operational protocols maintained as closely held trade secrets providing long-term competitive advantage
Long-Term Protection Strategy
Multi-jurisdictional coverage in key markets with patent portfolio managed to support both current commercial operations and future platform expansion
Terra Verde Sciences maintains a disciplined approach to intellectual property protection that balances public disclosure through patents with preservation of proprietary knowledge as trade secrets. Our patent strategy focuses on protecting fundamental innovations in surface-reaction mechanisms, system architectures, and application methods that define our competitive position. These patents are structured to provide broad coverage of our core technology platform while supporting specific claims for individual system expressions.
Trade-secret protection is equally critical to our long-term value. The methods by which we synthesize our inorganic formulations, activate surface reactions under field conditions, and optimize system performance for specific applications represent knowledge that would be extremely difficult for competitors to replicate without access to our internal processes. We maintain rigorous controls over this proprietary information, limiting disclosure even within partnership and collaboration arrangements.
Our IP governance includes systematic invention disclosure processes, freedom-to-operate analyses for new applications, competitive landscape monitoring, and defensive publication strategies where appropriate. Patent prosecution is managed to maintain maximum flexibility for platform expansion while avoiding premature disclosure of development programs or application areas under evaluation.
This IP framework is designed to support multiple value-creation pathways: direct commercialization of proprietary systems, licensing arrangements with industry partners, joint development programs where IP is co-developed and shared, and eventual exit transactions where patent portfolio and trade-secret library represent core assets. For strategic and institutional investors, our IP structure provides both current market protection and long-term optionality as the platform expands into new applications and markets.
Manufacturing Strategy
Capital-Efficient Production
Secured contract manufacturing partnerships eliminate the need for capital-intensive facility investments.
Scalable Operations
A proven production model with an established supply chain ensures scalable manufacturing capabilities.
Refined Expertise
Years of refinement in manufacturing processes have built deep operational expertise.
Assured Quality
Robust quality control systems are established for consistent, high-quality production at scale.
Commitment to Scientific Innovation & Public Benefit
Terra Verde Sciences is committed to advancing applied chemical sciences for the public benefit through both commercial innovation and philanthropic research support.
The Elledge-Crawford Foundation for Applied Chemical Sciences
In alignment with our mission to develop breakthrough inorganic chemistry solutions, Terra Verde Sciences has established The Elledge-Crawford Foundation for Applied Chemical Sciences, Inc., a 501(c)(3) public charity dedicated to supporting research, development, and education in applied chemical sciences.
Foundation Mission & Structure:
501(c)(3) public charity (EIN: 92-3343917)
Exemption effective: March 30, 2023
Public charity status: 509(a)(2)
Texas tax-exempt (Taxpayer #: 32089159407)
Tax-deductible contributions accepted
The Foundation represents our long-term commitment to:
  • Supporting fundamental research in inorganic surface chemistry
  • Advancing novel chemical molecule development
  • Fostering collaboration between industry and academic research institutions
  • Promoting education and training in applied chemical sciences
  • Accelerating the translation of laboratory discoveries into real-world applications
Strategic Alignment:
The Foundation operates independently as a charitable organization while maintaining strategic alignment with Terra Verde Sciences' commercial mission. This structure enables:
  • Support for early-stage research that may not yet have immediate commercial applications
  • Collaboration with universities and research institutions on fundamental science
  • Development of the next generation of chemical scientists and engineers
  • Public benefit through advancement of environmentally responsible chemistry
This dual commitment—commercial innovation through Terra Verde Sciences and philanthropic research support through the Elledge-Crawford Foundation—positions us to drive both near-term commercial impact and long-term scientific advancement in applied chemical sciences.

The Elledge-Crawford Foundation for Applied Chemical Sciences, Inc. is a separately incorporated 501(c)(3) public charity. Contributions are tax-deductible to the extent permitted by law. For information about supporting the Foundation's mission, contact [email protected]
Technical Appendix: Field Application Protocols
This technical appendix provides detailed field deployment protocols for qualified operators and technical personnel. The following guidelines represent field-validated treatment parameters and calculation methodologies.
Terra-X downhole applications are engineered for precision deployment across diverse reservoir conditions. This guide provides field operators with standardized dosing protocols, formulation selection criteria, and calculation methodologies for optimal treatment design.
Downhole Application Volume
Standard treatment parameters for vertical wells:
  • Near-wellbore radius of treatment: ~3 ft
  • Porosity: ~20%
  • Dose: ~10% of near-wellbore pore volume (PV)
Treatment volume guidelines:
  • 100 ft interval: ~400-500 gal premix
  • 500 ft interval: ~1,200-1,500 gal premix
  • 1,000 ft interval (or horizontal equivalent treated length): ~4,000-5000 gal premix
At 49:1 dilution (2% concentrate), 500 gal premix uses ~10 gal concentrate. One 275 gal tote of concentrate produces ~13,475 gal premix (275 × 49) and can treat approximately 27-34 intervals (or wells at 100 ft each).
Pore Volume Calculation
For precise dosing, calculate treatment volume as fraction of near-wellbore PV:
Pore Volume (PV) near wellbore:
PV (gal) = π \times (rt^2 - rw^2) \times L \times \phi \times 7.48
  • rt = treatment radius (ft), often 2-3 ft for matrix/soak
  • rw = wellbore radius (ft), typically 0.35 ft (8" ID)
  • L = treated/perforated interval (ft)
  • φ = porosity (fraction), e.g., 0.15-0.25
  • 7.48 = gal/ft³
Dose as %PV:
Premix volume = (5-10%) × PV (5% for tighter/low-risk trials; up to 10% for full treatment)
Example (100 ft, rt=3 ft, φ=0.20):
PV ≈ 470 gal → 5% dose = ~24 gal premix, 10% dose = ~47 gal premix
Formulation Selection Strategy
Terra-X is available in two specialized platforms optimized for different reservoir chemistries:
Sodium-Based Terra-X™ (Na-Dominant Formulation)
Chemical Characteristics:
  • Lower aqueous solubility relative to potassium
  • Shorter, more controlled reaction kinetics
  • More predictable reaction pacing in confined environments
Downhole Implications:
  • Favorable for controlled near-wellbore stimulation
  • Reduced risk of overly rapid reaction or emulsion formation
  • Suitable where reaction stability and persistence is preferred
  • Cost-efficient for broader candidate deployment
Typical Use Profile:
  • Matrix treatments and near-wellbore cleanup
  • Application prioritizing reactive control over speed
  • Situations where operational risk management is critical
Potassium-Based Terra-X™ (K-Dominant Formulation)
Chemical Characteristics:
  • Higher aqueous solubility
  • Faster reaction kinetics
  • Greater ionic mobility under reservoir conditions
Downhole Implications:
  • Enables more immediate chemical interactions
  • Useful where faster mobilization of fluids or fines mitigation is beneficial
  • Supports shorter-cycle or time-sensitive operations
Typical Use Profile:
  • Rapid wellbore cleanup applications
  • Application prioritizing speed and immediate response
  • Situations demanding faster mobilization or reaction completion
Selection Guidance:
Formulation choice depends on reservoir mineralogy, fluid chemistry, treatment objectives, and operational constraints. Sodium-based formulations offer controlled, predictable performance for most applications. Potassium-based formulations provide faster kinetics when immediate response is prioritized.
Field Validation Data
Terra-X technology has demonstrated consistent performance across a decade of field applications, with the most recent validation conducted in the Petrozamora, Venezuela (May 2025). Notably, this latest application utilized PA-13 (Terra-X), confirming exceptional product stability and exceptional stability performance.
Decade-Long Track Record:
  • 2015 — PDVSA/Huyapari (J5 P-02): Production doubled from ~150-170 BPD to ~300 BPD; AOF increased ~4× (from ~190 to ~510 BPD)
  • 2016 — PDVSA/Tía Juana Tierra: 72%-288% sustained production increases; water cut reduced from ~12% to ~2% (84% reduction)
  • 2018 — Intevep Laboratory: ~36% interfacial tension reduction in LS-4807 systems; no harmful emulsions or precipitation; strong detergency on quartz substrates
  • 2025 — Petrozamora: Most recent field validation
Petrozamora 2025 Field Results:
Well LS-5012 — Mature Well Reactivation
  • Pre-intervention: Near-inactive status; prior estimates overstated true production
  • Treatment: ~1,396 L PA-13 (Terra-X) at ~2% v/v with ~439 bbl carrier water; xylene preflush (~636 L); matrix injection below fracture pressure
  • Outcome: Restored to >13 BPD (measured at tank); updated IPR reflected improved mobility and productivity; increased pump fill and stable lift behavior
Well LS-5846 — Selective Production & Stability
  • Pre-intervention: Unstable output with rising water cut; prior reactivation attempts of limited durability
  • Treatment: ~449 bbl total injected (PA-13 (Terra-X) + water), ~3-hour solvent soak; annular injection with staged pressure dissipation
  • Outcome: Stable operating pressures; water cut reduced to ~3-5%; durable lift efficiency improvements observed in post-op monitoring
Treatment Parameters Validated:
  • Dilution ratio: 2% concentrate (49:1 water to concentrate)
  • Injection volumes: 400-450 barrels total treatment fluid
  • Soaking time: 24-48 hours (3-hour minimum for solvent preflush)
  • Progressive activation over 12-32 hours
  • Matrix injection below fracture pressure
Technical Validation:
  • Independent laboratory testing by INTEVEP confirmed ~36% reduction in interfacial tension
  • Water salinity compatibility: Up to 35,000 PPM (validated in field operations; operational effectiveness confirmed up to ~50,000 PPM with site-specific confirmation recommended for >30,000 PPM)
  • No emulsion formation observed
  • Effective in both sodium-based and potassium-based formulations
  • Product stability confirmed with PA-13 (Terra-X) performing equivalently to fresh material
Operational Benefits Confirmed:
  • Restored hydraulic connectivity in damaged wells
  • Improved artificial lift system efficiency (pump fill, effective displacement, volumetric efficiency)
  • Reduced water cut in treated wells
  • Extended equipment life through reduced mechanical stress
  • Low-cost, high-leverage intervention for late-life wells
  • Reduced frequency of mechanical interventions and steam cycles (lower OPEX, deferred CAPEX)
Economics & Deployment:
Low infrastructure burden with basic pumping and instrumentation requirements enables rapid scaling across mature basins where near-wellbore damage and lift inefficiency dominate decline. Potential for rapid payback when replicated across similar candidates.
This field data validates the treatment volume guidelines and demonstrates the effectiveness and consistency of Terra-X technology across diverse reservoir conditions, well types, and a decade-long operational timeline.
Closing:
For application-specific recommendations, treatment design support, or field trial protocols, contact Terra Verde Sciences technical team.
Engage With Us
Terra Verde Sciences welcomes engagement from organizations and stakeholders operating at the intersection of industrial chemistry, energy systems, environmental stewardship, and advanced materials. We are interested in conversations with partners who recognize that step-change improvements in performance and sustainability often require fundamental innovation in chemistry and materials science, not incremental refinement of existing approaches.
Energy Operators
Global and regional exploration and production companies, oilfield service providers, pipeline operators, and energy infrastructure owners seeking advanced chemistry solutions for production optimization, asset life extension, and operational risk reduction in conventional and unconventional resources.
Environmental Agencies & Responders
Federal, state, and local environmental regulatory agencies, emergency response organizations, remediation contractors, and environmental consulting firms addressing oil spills, legacy contamination, brownfield redevelopment, and industrial site restoration with non-toxic, performance-validated chemistry.
Industrial & Infrastructure Partners
Mining companies, water treatment operators, chemical manufacturers, construction and engineering firms, and industrial equipment providers interested in surface-active chemistry for process optimization, equipment performance enhancement, and operational efficiency improvements in demanding environments.
Government & Research Institutions
Department of Energy, Department of Defense, national laboratories, university research programs, and other public-sector organizations exploring advanced materials, energy technologies, environmental solutions, and dual-use applications requiring technically mature, field-validated inorganic chemistry platforms.
Strategic & Institutional Investors
Private equity firms, family offices, strategic corporate investors, and institutional capital providers focused on industrial technology, materials science, energy transition, and platform companies with demonstrated commercial traction, defensible intellectual property, and significant expansion optionality across multiple end markets.
Contact Terra Verde Sciences
For inquiries regarding technology partnerships, commercial applications, field trials, research collaboration, investment opportunities, or general information about Terra Verde Sciences and our surface-reaction technology, please reach out through our corporate office.
We respond to all serious inquiries from qualified organizations and maintain strict confidentiality in exploratory discussions. Initial engagements typically include technical briefings, capability presentations, and discussion of mutual objectives before proceeding to formal partnership or commercial arrangements.

Corporate Office
Terra Verde Sciences, Inc.
Advanced Inorganic Chemistry & Materials Science Platform

Email: [email protected]
Contact Terra Verde Sciences
For inquiries regarding technology partnerships, commercial applications, field trials, research collaboration, investment opportunities, or general information about Terra Verde Sciences and our surface-reaction technology, please reach out through our corporate office.